In frame analysis, the carry-over of moments from one end of a member to the other represents what?

• A. The fraction of end moment transmitted to the other end.
• B. The ratio of moment to shear at the joint.
• C. The ratio of stiffness between members.
• D. The amount of axial load carried by the member.

Answer: (A)

In frame analysis, when a moment is imposed at one end of a member, the member’s stiffness and the need for compatibility of rotations force part of that moment to appear at the opposite end. This transferred portion is the carry-over moment, and the carry-over factor is the ratio of the moment that shows up at the far end to the moment applied at the near end. For a symmetric, prismatic member with both ends restrained, about half of the end moment carries over (roughly 0.5), though the exact fraction depends on end conditions. This concept is what the statement is capturing: the carry-over represents the fraction of end moment transmitted to the other end. The other options describe different ideas (moment-to-shear ratio, stiffness ratio between members, axial load) and don’t describe how end moments propagate along a connected member.